This IDC study examines the competitive forces in the Canadian application outsourcing market, which continues to undergo dynamic change. "ISVs and telecoms, moving into the top ten, threaten to disintermediate traditional end-to-end providers by offering lower-priced hosted application management solutions," says Courtney Harbin, services research associate, IDC Canada. "To compete effectively in the marketplace, traditional players must look for ways to lower the cost of their offerings beyond labour arbitrage to offering more standardized one-to-many solutions."