Mobile Advertising: Delivery Channels, Business Models & Forecasts 2009-2014
Published By: Juniper Research Limited
June 2009
R399-247
Online Download $2,810.00 Multi-User License - 2-5 Users $4,020.00 Global Site License $6,030.00
Description

This report provides in-depth analysis and market forecasts for the mobile advertising sector in the context of the global
economic recession, and discusses how advertising spend is increasingly moving towards ‘below the line’ activities such as
mobile phone ads - offering unparalleled opportunity for consumer engagement.
Key forecasts include the number of users who receive advertising on their mobiles, both by region and by delivery channel (SMS,
MMS, Mobile Internet, On-portal, In content downloads, Idle screen, P2P and Mobile TV). Other forecasts include cost per
clickthrough (CPC) and cost per mille (CPM) rates and the number of users who respond to mobile advertising. The number of
responses per annum and total adspend per channel are also forecast.
The report also analyses key drivers and contraints such as the personal nature of the mobile, enabling targeted and potentially
more effective campaigns, and mobile’s perceived lack of reach due to low access rates of rich media content and services.
Key Questions Addressed by this Report:
- How has the global recession impacted on the mobile advertising market?
- What will be the key mobile distribution channels for brand advertising in five years’ time?
- Who are the major players in the mobile advertising ecosystem?
- How have brands utilised mobile channels within integrated multimedia campaigns?
- Will mobile advertising be viable as a primary revenue stream for content providers?
- What strategies should brands, agencies and network operator employ to derive optimal success from mobile advertising?
Key Benefits:
- A unique source of combined research and analysis for the mobile advertising market including technologies, market characteristics and forecasts.
- Practical analysis of the emerging opportunities for vendors and operators.
- Unique insights: includes interviews of leading players with significant experience of the mobile advertising market.
- Benefit from fresh thinking and intelligent market assessment.
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Table of Contents
- Table of Contents
- Glossary
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Mobile Advertising Channels
- SMS Advertising
- P2P Messaging Advertising
- MMS Advertising
- In-Content Download Advertising
- On-Portal Advertising
- Mobile Internet Advertising
- Idle Screen Advertising
- Mobile TV and Video Advertising
- The Market for Mobile Advertising
- Figure ES1: Global Mobile Advertising AdSpend ($m) Estimates and Forecasts 1st Edition vs. 2nd Edition 2009-2014
- Table ES1: Global Mobile Advertising AdSpend ($m) Estimates and Forecasts 1st Edition vs. 2nd Edition 2007 - 2014
- Figure ES2: Total Mobile Adspend ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table ES2: Total Mobile Adspend ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure ES3: Total Mobile Adspend ($m) Split By 8 Channels 2008-2014
- Table ES3: Total Mobile Adspend ($m) Split by 8 Channels 2008-2014
- Strategic Recommendations
- Brands and Agencies
- Operators
- Publishers and Developers
- 1. The Opportunity for Mobile Advertising
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Mobile as a Mass Medium
- 1.3 Types of Advertising
- 1.4 Mobile Advertising Channels
- 1.4.1 SMS Advertising
- i. Types of Messaging Services
- a. Mobile-originated SMS
- b. Mobile-terminated SMS
- ii. SMS Advertising Campaigns
- a. Flytxt: SMS Pioneer
- b. The Development of SMS-based Campaigns: Blyk, Gorilla Recruitment and Penguin Books
- c. SMS ad Campaigns: Penguin - November 2007
- d. SMS ad Campaigns: P2P Advertising vs. A2P Advertising: Orange - August 2008
- Figure 1.1: P2P SMS On-Net Traffic Interception
- 1.4.2 MMS Advertising
- i. MMS Services
- ii. MMS as an Advertising Channel
- a. MMS Response Mechanisms
- - Message-Based Responses
- - Call Based Response
- - WAP Landing Page Based Response
- iii. MMS Campaign: BMW - November 2007
- Figure 1.2: BMW MMS Campaign Screenshot
- 1.4.3 In-Content Download Advertising
- i. In Game Advertising Campaign: Jeep - March-April 2008
- Figure 1.3: Engagement Campaign Screenshots for Jeep, Screenshots
- ii. App Store Advertising Campaign: Carling - July 2008
- Figure 1.4: The Carling iPint
- 1.4.4 On-Portal Advertising
- i. Banner Advertising
- a. Case Study: Tesco Mobile - April 2008
- b. Banner Standardisation - MMA Guidelines
- ii. Mobile On-Portal Search
- a. Case Study: Intel Mobile Scavenger Hunt - December 2008
- Figure 1.5: Madhouse Campaign Strategy & Screenshots
- 1.4.5 Mobile Internet Advertising
- 1.4.6 Idle Screen Advertising
- i. Idle Screen Campaign: Dairy Queen - March 2009
- ii. Idle Screen Campaign: Coca Cola - February 2009
- 1.4.7 Mobile TV and Video Advertising
- i. Mobile TV Advertising Campaigns: MobiTV and Saw III - January 2007
- 1.5 Cost Models
- 1.5.1 Pricing
- Table 1.1: Amobee Ad Pricing (West Europe & North America)
- 1.6 The Evolution of a Mobile Advertising Market
- Figure 1.6: Mobile Advertising Market Evolution
- 2. Drivers and Constraints
- 2.1 Key Drivers of Mobile Advertising Services
- 2.1.1 Audiences for Traditional Media Are Diminishing
- Table 2.1: UK Adspend, % Change by Medium 2008 vs. 2007
- 2.1.2 Brands Are Increasingly Pursuing Below The Line Strategies
- 2.1.3 Personal Nature of Mobile
- 2.1.4 Increasing Mobile and 3G Penetration
- Table 2.2: Relative Reach of UK Media 2008
- 2.1.5 The Rise of the App Store
- 2.1.6 Improvements in Handsets
- 2.1.7 Opt-In
- 2.1.8 Frequency Capping
- 2.1.9 Advanced Targeting
- 2.1.10 Response Rates
- 2.1.11 Instant Measurement
- 2.1.12 Value for Money
- 2.1.13 The Walls Are Coming Down
- 2.1.14 The Growth of Mobile Social Networking and Web 2.0
- 2.1.15 Incremental Associated Revenues
- 2.2 Constraints on Mobile Advertising Growth
- 2.2.1 Privacy
- 2.2.2 Low Fill Rates
- 2.2.3 Handset Dimensions
- 2.2.4 Connectivity
- 2.2.5 Cost of Data Services
- Figure 2.1: Exponential Growth in Data as Prices Fall
- 2.2.6 Reach/Visibility
- 2.2.7 Need for Converged/Planned Campaigns
- 2.2.8 Relevance
- 2.2.9 Lack of Inventory
- 2.2.10 Reduction in Perceived Value of Content
- 2.2.11 Advertising Overload
- 2.2.12 Spam
- 3. The Market for Mobile Advertising
- 3.1 Forecast Definitions and Methodology
- 3.1.1 Forecast Definitions
- 3.1.2 Forecast Methodology
- i. Method 1 - Cost per Click-through Based Model
- Figure 3.1: Forecast Methodology, Cost per Click-through Based Model
- ii. Method 2 - Cost per mille Based Model.
- Figure 3.2: Forecast Methodology, Cost per mille Based Model
- i. Method 3 - MMS Delivery Costs
- ii. Method 4 - Assumed Value Per TV Viewer
- 3.2 Growth of the Cellular Market
- 3.2.1 Global Cellular Subscriber Market Forecasts
- Figure 3.3: Cellular Subscriber Growth (m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2007-2014
- Table 3.1: Cellular Subscriber Growth (m) Split by 8 Key Regions, 2007-2014
- 3.3 Mobile Advertising in the Economic Downturn
- 3.3.1 Expectations for Mobile Advertising
- 3.4 Regional Mobile Advertising Forecasts
- Figure 3.4: Global Mobile Advertising AdSpend ($m) 1st Edition Forecasts vs. 2nd Edition Forecasts 2007-2014
- Table 3.2: Global Mobile Advertising AdSpend ($m) 1st Edition Forecasts vs. 2nd Edition Forecasts 2007-2014
- Figure 3.5 Total Mobile Adspend ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 3.3: Total Mobile Adspend ($m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 3.5 Mobile Advertising Forecasts By Channel
- Figure 3.6: Total Mobile Adspend ($m) Split by 8 Channels 2008-2014
- Table 3.4: Total Mobile Adspend ($m) Split by 8 Channels 2008-2014
- 4. SMS and P2P Messaging Advertising Forecasts
- 4.1 Recipients of SMS Advertising
- Table 4.1: Percentage of Subscribers Who Receive SMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008- 2014
- Figure 4.1: Number of Subscribers (m) Who Receive SMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2006 - 2014
- Table 4.2: Number of Subscribers (m) Who Receive SMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- 4.2 SMS Advertising Responses
- Table 4.3: Percentage of Mobile Subscribers Receiving SMS Advertising Who Respond Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 4.2: Number of Mobile Subscribers (m) Receiving SMS Advertising Who Respond Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 4.4: Number of Mobile Subscribers (m) Receiving SMS Advertising Who Respond Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 4.3: Average Number of User Responses per Annum to SMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 4.5: Average Number of User Responses Per Annum to SMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 4.4: Total Number of User Responses Per Annum (m) to SMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 4.6: Total Number of User Responses Per Annum (m) to SMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 4.3 SMS Advertising Revenues
- Table 4.7: Average SMS Advertising Cost per Clickthrough (CPC) Rates ($) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 4.5 Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on SMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 4.8: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on SMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 4.4 P2P Messaging Adspend
- Figure 4.6: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on P2P Messaging Advertising by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 4.9: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on P2P Messaging Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 5. MMS Advertising Forecasts
- 5.1 Recipients of MMS Advertising
- Table 5.1: Percentage of Mobile Handsets Able to Receive MMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 5.2: Percentage of 2.5G/3G Subscribers Who Receive MMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 5.1: Number of Subscribers (m) Who Receive MMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 5.3: Number of Subscribers (m) Who Receive MMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- 5.2 MMS Advertising Revenues
- Table 5.4: Average Number of Advertising MMS Received Per User Per Annum Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 5.2: Total Number of MMS Advertisements Sent Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 5.5: Total Number of MMS Advertisements Sent (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 5.6: Average Cost ($) Per MMS Advertisement Delivered Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 5.3: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on MMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 5.7: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on MMS Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 6. In-Content Download Advertising Forecasts
- 6.1 Recipients of In-Content Download Advertising
- Table 6.1: Percentage of Users Who Receive In-Content Download Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 6.1: Number of Subscribers (m) Who Receive In-Content Download Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 6.2: Number of Subscribers (m) Who Receive In-Content Download Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- 6.2 In-Content Advertising Download Responses
- Figure 6.2: Average Number of Downloads Per User per Annum of Mobile Content Containing Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 6.3: Average Number of Downloads Per User per Annum of Mobile Content Containing Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 6.3: Annual Number of Mobile Content Downloads (m) Containing Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 6.4: Annual Number of Mobile Content Downloads (m) Containing Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 6.5: Average Number of Advertisements per Downloaded Content Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 6.4: Annual Number of Advertisements (m) Viewed within Mobile Content Downloads Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 6.6: Annual Number of Advertisements (m) Viewed within Mobile Content Downloads Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 6.7: Response Rates (%) to In-Content Download Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 6.5: Total Number of Responses (m) to In-Content Download Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 6.8: Total Number of Responses (m) to In-Content Download Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 6.3 In-Content Download Advertising Revenues
- Table 6.9: Average In-Content Download Advertising Cost ($) Per Clickthrough (CPC) Rates Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 6.6: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on In-Content Download Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 6.10 Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on In-Content Download Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 7. On-Portal Advertising Forecasts
- 7.1 Recipients of On-Portal Advertising
- Table 7.1: Percentage of Mobile Subscribers Able to Access Operator Portals Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 7.1: Number of Subscribers (m) Who View On-Portal Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2007 - 2014
- Table 7.2: Number of Subscribers (m) Who View On-Portal Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- 7.2 On-Portal Advertising Responses
- Table 7.3: Percentage of Mobile Subscribers Viewing On-Portal Advertising Who Respond Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 7.2: Number of Mobile Subscribers (m) Viewing On-Portal Advertising Who Respond Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 7.4: Number of Mobile Subscribers (m) Viewing On-Portal Advertising Who Respond Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 7.3 Average Number of User Responses Per Annum to On-Portal Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 7.5: Average Number of User Responses Per Annum to On-Portal Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 7.4: Total Number of User Responses Per Annum (m) to On-Portal Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 7.6: Total Number of User Responses Per Annum (m) to On-Portal Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 7.3 On-Portal Advertising Revenues
- Table 7.7 Average On-Portal Advertising Cost Per Clickthrough (CPC) Rates ($) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 7.5: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on On-Portal Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 7.8: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on On-Portal Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 8. Mobile Internet Advertising Forecasts
- 8.1 Recipients of Mobile Internet Advertising
- Table 8.1: Percentage of Subscribers Who Browse the Mobile Internet Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 8.1: Number of Subscribers (m) Who Browse the Mobile Internet Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 8.2: Number of Subscribers (m) Who Browse the Mobile Internet Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- 8.2 Mobile Internet Advertising Views
- Table 8.3: Number of Mobile Internet Ad Impressions per User Per Annum Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 8.2: Total Number of Mobile Internet Ad Impressions (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 8.4: Total Number of Mobile Internet Ad Impressions (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- 8.3 Mobile Internet Advertising Revenues
- Table 8.5: Average Mobile Internet Advertising Cost Per Mille (CPM) Rates Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 8.3: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on Mobile Internet Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 8.6: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on Mobile Internet Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 9. Idle Screen Advertising Forecasts
- 9.1 Recipients of Idle-Screen Advertising
- Table 9.1: Percentage of Subscribers Who Receive Idle Screen Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 9.1: Number of Subscribers Who Receive Idle-Screen Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 9.2: Number of Subscribers (m) Who Receive Idle Screen Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- 9.2 Idle Screen Advertising Responses
- Table 9.3: Percentage of Mobile Subscribers Receiving Idle Screen Advertising Who Respond Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2013 (%)
- Figure 9.2: Number of Mobile Subscribers (m) Receiving Idle Screen Advertising Who Respond Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Table 9.4: Number of Mobile Subscribers (m) Receiving Idle Screen Advertising Who Respond Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 9.3: Average Number of User Responses Per Annum to Idle Screen Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 9.5: Average Number of User Responses Per Annum to Idle Screen Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 9.4: Total Number of User Responses Per Annum (m) to Idle Screen Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 9.6: Total Number of User Responses Per Annum (m) to Idle Screen Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 9.3 Idle Screen Advertising Revenues
- Table 9.7: Average Idle Screen Advertising Cost Per Clickthrough (CPC) Rates Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Figure 9.5: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on Idle Screen Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 9.8: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on Idle Screen Advertising Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 10. Mobile TV Advertising Forecasts
- 10.1 Broadcast Mobile TV Advertising Forecasts
- Figure 10.1: Number of Mobile Broadcast TV Subscribers (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 10.1: Number of Mobile Broadcast TV Subscribers (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 10.2: Adspend ($) per Mobile Broadcast TV Subscriber per annum Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 10.2: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on Mobile Broadcast TV Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 10.3: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on Mobile Broadcast TV Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 10.2 Streamed Mobile TV Advertising Forecasts
- Figure 10.3: Number of Mobile Streamed TV Subscribers (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 10.4: Number of Mobile Streamed TV Subscribers (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 10.5: Adspend ($) per Mobile Streamed TV Subscriber per annum Split by 8 Key Regions 2008 - 2014
- Figure 10.4: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on Mobile Streamed TV Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 10.6: Total Advertising Expenditure ($) on Mobile Broadcast TV Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- 10.3 Total Mobile TV Advertising Forecasts
- Figure 10.5: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on Mobile TV Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014
- Table 10.7: Total Advertising Expenditure ($m) on Mobile TV Split by 8 Key Regions, 2008-2014
- 11. The Mobile Advertising Value Web
- 11.1 Typical Mobile Advertising Value Web
- Figure 11.1: Mobile Advertising Value Web
- 11.2 Brands
- 11.3 Mobile Advertising Agencies/Campaign Management
- 11.3.1 4th Screen Advertising
- Figure 11.2 MPression screen shot
- 11.3.2 Buongiorno Marketing Services
- 11.3.3 Nokia Interactive Advertising
- 11.4 The Search Engines
- 11.4.1 Google
- Table 11.1 Google Revenue and Net Income Growth 2003-2008 ($ m)
- i. Technology & Products
- ii. Google Mobile
- 11.4.2 Yahoo!
- Table 11.2 Yahoo! Revenue ($m) and Net Income Growth 2003-2008
- i. Yahoo! Mobile
- 11.4.3 JumpTap
- i. Products and Services
- ii. Strategic Partnerships
- iii. Commercial Deployments
- 11.4.4 mInfo
- 11.5 Mobile Advertising Networks
- 11.5.1 Ad Infuse
- 11.5.2 AdMob
- i. Products and Services
- Figure 11.2: Share of AdMob Ad Requests by Geography, March 2009 (7.6bn impressions)
- ii. iPhone & Android
- 11.5.3 Greystripe
- 11.5.4 IMImobile
- Figure 11.4: DaVinci System Architecture
- Figure 11.5: Ad-Ring Architecture
- 11.5.5 Madhouse
- 11.5.6 Mobile Content Networks (MCN)
- 11.5.7 MobVision
- 11.5.8 Quattro Wireless
- Figure 11.6: Quattro Wireless GetMobile Platform Architecture
- 11.5.9 Third Screen Media
- 11.6 Applications Providers
- 11.6.1 Amobee
- 11.6.2 Celltick
- 11.6.3 Flytxt Neon
- 11.6.4 innerActive Smart Media
- Figure 11.7: In Game Advertising Using innerActive Solution
- Figure 11.8: Instant Messaging Product Placement using innerActive Solution
- 11.6.5 Mobixell
- 11.6.6 Rhythm New Media
- 11.6.7 Smaato
- 11.6.8 Wapple
- 11.7 MVNOs
- 11.7.1 Blyk
- i. Corporate Strategy
- 11.7.2 Virgin Mobile
- 11.8 Network Operators
- 11.8.1 Vodafone
- 11.8.2 3 UK
- 12. Regulation
- 12.1 National Regulation
- 12.1.1 National Legislation Pertaining to Mobile Services/Mobile Advertising
- i. PhonepayPlus
- 12.2 Pan-European Legislation
- 12.2.1 Directive 95/46/EC: Processing Personal Data and the Protection of Privacy
- 12.2.2 The E-Commerce Sector Data Protection Directive (2002/58/EC)
- 12.2.3 The Data Retention Directive (2006/24/EC)
- 12.2.4 The Distance Selling Directive (97/7/EC)
- 12.2.5 The E-money Directive
- 12.2.6 National Implementation of EU Directives
- 12.3 Mobile Content Self Regulation
- 12.3.1 UK
- 12.3.2 US
- 12.3.3 South Africa
- 12.4 Advertising Self Regulation
- 12.4.1 North America
- i. Advertising Standards Canada
- 12.4.2 Western Europe
- i. Advertising Standards Authority (UK)
- 12.4.3 Eastern Europe
- i. Romanian Advertising Council
- 12.4.4 Indian Sub Continent
- 12.4.5 Rest of Asia Pacific
- 12.4.6 Middle East and Africa
- i. Advertising Standards Authority of South Africa (ASA)
- 12.4.7 International
- i. European Advertising Standards Alliance (EASA)
- 12.4.8 Mobile Advertising Self Regulation
- i. Mobile Marketing Association (MMA)
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