Security Technologies Part 2: Chemical and Biological Detection (Technical Insights)

Agencies that support and perform R&D have already redoubled their efforts at developing technologies to help prevent or mitigate another terrorist attack. Technologies in various stages of development range from more sensitive and versatile detectors for biological, chemical, and radiological agents to new diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics against anthrax, smallpox, and other potential bioterror agents. Many of these technologies, particularly those designed to guard against an attack on the nation's infrastructure, have either already been or are being developed within the private sector.

The three key end-user groups are identified as users or potential users of chemical and biological detection equipment. The prime end-user is the military. Based on mission requirements and the possibility of battlefield contamination, the military is expected to remain the largest consumer. Second are civil defense and law enforcement agencies, or first responders. These end-users are present at state and local levels and are tasked with protecting civilians in the event of a wider exposure. Demand in this sector is expected to rise due to the terrorist actions against the United States. The third group of end-users is found in the civilian sector. These are primarily large companies desiring to protect employees; companies involved in chemical demilitarization work and government agencies without first responder duties.

Although demand is expected to increase in the civilian sector too, some companies may still consider the high cost of the devices, translating into the cost to benefit ratio, too steep. This may be especially relevant for smaller companies, who may not consider themselves a high-risk target and cannot afford to install high-cost detection devices to monitor their work environments. While still a high impact restraint, it is somewhat lessened by the recent events. One of the main challenges for the industry is that most biodetection programs are still in the research and development phase, which may last anywhere from 3 to 5 years.

This Technical Insights' report provides:

• An overview of the emerging technologies relating to security technologies based on chemical and biological detection and their applications for detection, identification, and tracking. Strengths and weaknesses of these technologies are compared.
• An analysis of the trends affecting market size and growth; we also quantify market size and provide forecasts for market segments.
• Information about the security concerns and strategies in various commercial and public sectors, and how these sectors are impacting the development of new technologies and the marketplace.
• A list of organizations, including companies, universities, and government agencies, involved in the design and manufacture of security technologies. (Contact details including address, telephone number, contact person, fax number, and E-mail, when available)
• A summary of key patents, which gives you insight into notable activity and important players.

(Note: For the purpose of this report, chemical and biological detection refers primarily to security applications; environmental, industrial and medical applications are not considered)

1 Security Technologies Part 2, Executive Summary

A. Contents and Goals

1 Introduction

2 Report Scope

B. Chemical and Biological Warfare; an Emerging Threat

1 Biological Weapons

2 Chemical Agents

C. Chemical Detection Technologies

1 Point Detection

2 Standoff Detectors

3 Clinical Detection Technology Trends

D. Nuclear Materials; a Terrorist Threat

1 Weapons-Grade Materials

2 Radiological Dispersion Device--Dirty Bombs

3 Noninvasive System for Measurement of Unauthorized Substances

4 Monitoring To Control Theft of Special Nuclear Materials

E. Needs for Detector Developments

1 Drivers for Detection-Development

2 Industry Challenges

3 Strategic Conclusions

F. Perspectives of this Report

1 Issues Driving and Preventing this Technology

2 Unique Features of this Report

3 Primary Market

2 Security Technologies Part 2, Introduction

A. The Role of Federal Agencies

1 Introduction

2 Reorganizing the Security Establishment

3 The Administration's Research Plan

4 The Freedom of Information Act

B. The Threat

1 Infrastructure

2 Cybersecurity

3 Electricity

4 Natural Gas

5 Water

6 Biological; Chemical; and Nuclear Threats

C. Agencies with Major Homeland Security R&D Programs

1 The Department of Health and Human Services

2 The Department of Energy

3 The Department of Defense

4 The National Institute of Standards and Technology

D. Biological Warfare: An Emerging Threat in the 21st Century

1 Introduction

2 Anthrax

3 Genetic Engineering of Pathogens

4 Lessons from History

5 Terrorist Threats and Possible Solutions

E. Introduction to Chemical Agents and Toxic Industrial Materials

1 Introduction

2 Nerve Agents

3 Blister Agents (Vesicants)

4 Toxic Industrial Materials

F. Chemical Agent and Tim Field Detection Technologies

1 Introduction

2 Point Detection Technologies

3 Ionization/Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS)

4 Flame Photometry

5 Infrared Spectroscopy

6 Electrochemistry

7 Surface Acoustic Wave

8 Photoionization Detectors

9 Miscellaneous Detection Technologies

10 Standoff Detectors

G. Laboratory Analytical Instruments

1 Introduction

2 Mass Spectrometry (MS)

3 Chromatography

H. Evaluation of Chemical Detection Equipment

1 Selection Factors

2 Equipment Evaluation Categories

I. Introduction to Biological Detection Status

1 Current Limitations in Our Ability To Cope with Biological Attacks

2 Clinical Detection Technology Analysis and Trends

3 Environmental Detection Technology Analysis and Trends

3 Security Technologies Part 2, Detection Strategies for Security

A. Development of Strategies for Defense Against Bioweapons

1 Research and Development

B. Development of New Technologies

1 Some New Biodetectors

2 Flow Cytometers

3 Biological Detectors at Work

4 Decontaminating a Site

C. Government and Agencies Ponder Actions

1 The Wake-Up Call

2 Computerized National Health Network

3 Consortium Aims To Create Standards for Biodefense Technology

4 National Research Council Plan Places R&D in Pivotal Role

4 Security Technologies Part 2, Detection of Nuclear Threat

A. Nuclear Materials: A Terrorist Threat

1 Weapons-Grade Materials

2 Radiological Dispersion Device--Dirty Bombs

3 Background

B. Detectors: The First Line Of Defense

1 Geiger Mueller Counters

2 National Laboratory Evaluates Detectors for Cargo Containers

3 Noninvasive System for the Measurement of Unauthorized Substances

4 We are Not Safe

C. Minimizing the Theft of Nuclear Materials

1 Introduction

2 Monitoring To Control Theft of SNM

3 Monitoring Strategies

D. New Detector Developments

1 Tiny Device Can Detect Hidden Nuclear Weapons; Materials

2 Nabbing Nuclear Smugglers

3 Detection System To Boost Anti-Terror Efforts

5 Security Technologies Part 2, Chemical- and Biological-Agent Detection; Market Dynamics

A. Detection Market Considerations

1 Before and After 11-Sep

2 Market Drivers and Restraints

3 Industry Challenges

4 Strategic Conclusions

5 Standoff Detection Systems

B. Market Forecasts and Trends

1 Revenue Forecast

2 Demand Analysis

3 First Responders

4 The Civilian Sector

C. Technology Trends

1 General Technologies

2 PCR

3 Flow Cytometry

4 Aerosol Particle Sizers

5 Microillumination

6 Antibody Antigen Particle Tests

7 Standoff Laser Biological-Agent Detection--XM-94

8 UV/IR LIDAR

9 Mass Spectrometry

10 Ongoing Methods Development

D. Competitive Factors Analysis

1 Fast Detection Time

2 Low False-Alarm Rates

3 Network Compatibility

4 Durability

5 Small Unit Size

6 Low Unit Cost

7 Low Power Usage

E. Summary of Opportunities and Considerations

1 Dual Chemical and Biological Detection

2 Chemical Warfare Agent Detection Market

3 Biological Warfare Agent Detection Market

4 Factors To Consider

6 Security Technologies Part 2, Directions of Chemical and Biological Detection

A. Recent Research Developments in Detection

1 Sensing Numerous Chemicals

2 Hybrid Biochemical Sensor for Multiple Sensing

3 Economical Sensors To Monitor Pollutants

4 Early Detection of Chemical Warfare

5 Detecting Contaminants

6 Handheld Devices Use Lysin To Battle Anthrax

7 Novel Biosensor

8 Detect Invisible Biological Agents Faster

9 DNA Detection Gets Cheaper and Easier

10 Handheld Device Analyzes Wine and Patients

11 Ultraviolet Light Source Will Detect Bioagents

12 Discovery Prompts Call for Biowarfare Agreement Review

13 Make Genetic Diagnosis without Labels

14 New Chemical-Sensing Path Opened

15 Simplify the Electronic Nose

B. Today's Automated Laboratory Analyzers

1 Automated Systems

2 Transport of Samples and Consumables

3 Processing

4 Analytical Techniques

5 Control and Communications

6 Internet Connectivity

C. The Future of Commercial Analyzer Systems

1 Opportunities in Analytical Method Commercialization

2 Test Strips and Field Test Kits

3 Opportunities in Biological-Agent-Detection Technology

4 Issues and Challenges

5 Field Tests

D. Biotechnology Future in the Military

1 Biotechnology Future in the Military

7 Security Technologies Part 2, Current Research in Chemical and Biological Detection

A. Innovative Detector Systems

1 Nanoprisms

2 MEMS Pebbles

3 Artificial Noses

4 Detecting Trace Residues Using Nanowires

5 Detecting Plastic Explosives

6 Studies Find that Bees Are Potential Chemical-; Biological-Agent Detectors

7 Laser Technology Promises Faster Identification of Bioterror Bugs

8 Security Technologies Part 2, Chemical- and Biological-Agent-Detection Companies and Their Products

A. Chemical and Biological Detection Companies and Their Products

1 Chemical- and Biological-Agent-Detection Companies and Their Products

9 Security Technologies Part 2, Recent Patents in Chemical- and Biological-Agent-Detection Technologies

A. Recent Patents in Chemical- and Biological-Agent-Detection Technologies

1 Recent Patents in Chemical- and Biological-Agent-Detection Technologies

10 Security Technologies Part 2, Technical Insights' 2002 Science and Technology Awards

A. Security Technologies Awards

1 Awards Overview

2 Technology Innovation

3 Technology Leadership