International Trade Finance and Pre-Export Finance

World merchandise trade has topped US$4,000 billion for each of the last two years. Trade Finance continues to be fertile ground for structured and non-structured deals not least because of the continuing divergence in trading regulations between the main markets of the world.

Today's trade finance practitioner is constantly having to cope with the intricacies of trade deals, each one unique in its own way. While there continue to be established best practices, opportunities for completing profitable deals are growing not only as regulations change, but as the number and independence of Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) increases.

International Trade Finance: A Practitioner's Guide is not just a review of current trends for established and emerging markets. It is designed to provide any trade financier with everything they need to know about Forfaiting, ECA Financing, Guarantees, Letters of Credit and Countertrade as well as commodity finance and fraud detection, both of which are rapidly increasing in importance. In addition it contains a number of standard documentation specimens never before compiled in one volume.

In-depth coverage of all key areas providing guidance on structuring trade transactions in new and emerging countries.

CONTENTS

Payment Techniques

Letters of Credit Variations, including silent confirmations

Letters of Credit Engineering, risk avoidance techniques, bulk commodity letters

Forfait Financing, the secondary market

The New Countertrade, letters of credit in countertrade, risk free commodity finance

Standby Letters of Credit - The Mechanics

Fraud Recognition and Avoidance

ECA's and Multi-lateral Agencies

International Factoring

Escrow Accounts and Documentation

Trade Finance Syndication

The New Products, commodities, swaps and options

ICC 500 - The Changes