Product Type: Market Research Report
Published by: Icon Group International, Inc.
Published: October 2000
Product Code: R307-16748Description This report puts executives and strategic planners on the fast track. The first chapter describes the study's methodology. The second chapter gives an overview of how to strategically access the market, mid-term forecasts of latent demand and accessibility benchmarks. The remaining nine chapters are not industry specific, but instead discuss economic fundamentals, marketing & distribution options, export and direct investment options, and full risk assessments (political, cultural, legal, human resources). Combined, the information provided in this market study is a "one-stop" shop for the strategic planner. Ample statistical benchmarks and comparative graphs are given.
Excerpt: The primary audience for this report is managers involved with the highest levels of the strategic planning process, and consultants who help their clients with this task. The user will not only benefit from the hundreds of hours that went into the methodology and its application, but also from its alternative perspective on strategic planning in Ecuador.
This report helps executives evaluate strategic investment and entry alternatives in Ecuador. In order to evaluate Ecuador, Icon Group International, Inc. draws on a methodology developed by Professor Philip Parker at INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France. The methodology decomposes a country's strategic potential along two key dimensions: (1) latent demand, and (2) accessibility. A country may have very high latent demand, yet have low accessibility, making it a less attractive market than many smaller potential countries having higher levels of accessibility.
This report provides a strategic profile of Ecuador along these lines. Throughout the discussion, literally hundreds of statistics on Ecuador are benchmarked against regional and global averages. The reader can thus quickly understand where Ecuador fits into the regional and global perspective. The report first investigates the economic fundamentals affecting Ecuador. These fundamentals are the source for Ecuador's latent demand. Then, the subsequent chapters detail Ecuador's accessibility. This evaluation covers a number of entry alternatives, including export strategies, and local direct investment strategies. If a firm decides to have a local presence in Ecuador, this requires a strategic understanding of local business conditions. The conditions investigated in this report include local marketing (advertising, distribution, pricing issues) and entry strategies (opening an office, joint venturing, etc.), as well as human resources management (labor laws, costs, regulations). Because local presence can increase exposure, the report next assesses a number of factors affecting business risks in Ecuador (again, benchmarked against regional and global averages). These include: political risks, legal risks, cultural/demographic risks. Risks can only be evaluated within a historical context; history, alas, often repeats itself. The final chapters summarize Ecuador's economic, political and social history. In doing so, the reader has a full appreciation of history's role in shaping Ecuador's current potential.
Table of Contents 1 Introduction & Methodology
1.1 What does this report cover?
1.2 Evaluating Ecuador
1.3 Latent Demand and Accessibility in Ecuador
2 Security Equipment (MOR)
2.1 Latent Demand and Accessibility: Background
2.2 Latent Demand: aspects of interest
2.2.1 Market Profile
2.2.2 Statistical Data
2.2.3 Best Sales Prospects
2.3 accessibility: the structure of competition
2.3.1 Local Production
2.3.2 U.S. Presence
2.3.3 Third-Country Imports
2.3.4 End-Users Analysis
2.4 accessibility: key factors
2.4.1 Import Climate
2.4.2 Regulations
2.4.3 Distribution Strategies
2.5 key Contacts
2.5.1 Government Agencies
2.5.2 Trade Organizations
2.5.3 Agents, Importers and Distributors
2.5.4 Target Buyers
3 The Economics Of Latent Demand In Ecuador
3.1 Executive Summary
3.2 Economic Issues in Ecuador
3.2.1 Fiscal Policy
3.2.2 Monetary and Exchange Policy
3.2.3 Relations with International Financial Institutions
3.2.4 Petroleum and Mining
3.2.5 Agriculture and Fishing
3.2.6 Manufacturing, Construction, and Utilities
3.2.7 Services
3.2.8 Government Intervention Risks
3.2.9 Structural Reform and Privatization
3.2.10 Industrial Policies
3.2.11 Trade and the Current Account
3.2.12 Capital Account and Foreign Reserves
3.2.13 External Debt
3.2.14 Transportation
3.2.15 Telecommunications
3.2.16 Electric Power
3.2.17 Water and Irrigation
4 Export Accessibility In Ecuador
4.1 Executive Summary
4.2 Exporting to Ecuador
4.2.1 Banking System
4.2.2 Foreign Exchange Controls
4.2.3 General Availability of Financing
4.2.4 How to Finance Exports/Methods of Payment
4.2.5 Multilateral Financing
4.2.6 Trade Barriers
4.2.7 Tariffs
4.2.8 Non-Tariff Barriers
4.2.9 Customs Regulations
4.2.10 Tariff Rates
4.2.11 Import Taxes
4.2.12 Excise Taxes
4.2.13 Surcharges
4.2.14 Import License Requirements
4.2.15 Temporary Goods Entry Requirements
4.2.16 Transit
4.2.17 Special Import/Export Requirements and Certifications
4.2.18 Sanitary Registry
4.2.19 Pre-Shipment Inspection
4.2.20 Government Procurement
4.2.21 Labeling and Marking Requirements
4.2.22 Prohibited Imports
4.2.23 Warranty and Non-Warranty Repairs
4.2.24 Export Controls
4.2.25 Standards
4.2.26 Certificate of Conformity
4.2.27 Free Trade Zones/Warehouses
4.2.28 Membership in Free Trade Arrangements
5 Direct Investment Accessibility In Ecuador
5.1 Executive Summary: Infrastructure
5.2 Executive Summary: Natural Resources
5.3 Executive Summary: Industry
5.4 Direct Investment in Ecuador
5.4.1 Attitudes Toward Foreign Direct Investment
5.4.2 Petroleum
5.4.3 Mining
5.4.4 Fishing
5.4.5 Electricity
5.4.6 Telecommunications
5.4.7 Media
5.4.8 Strategic Sectors
5.4.9 Private Property Risks
5.4.10 Property Rights Risks
5.4.11 Patents
5.4.12 Other Protection
5.4.13 Trademark
5.4.14 Copyrights
5.4.15 Registration and Enforcement
5.4.16 Foreign Trade Zones & Free Ports
5.4.17 Investment Requirements & Incentives
5.4.18 Regulatory Risks
5.4.19 Corruption Risks
5.4.20 The Local Labor Market
5.4.21 Capital Market Access
5.4.22 Conversion and Transfer Policies
5.4.23 Expropriation and Compensation
5.4.24 Dispute Settlement
5.4.25 Political Violence Risks
5.4.26 Bilateral Investment Agreements
5.4.27 Large Investors
5.4.28 Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment
6 Marketing & Distribution In Ecuador
6.1 Executive Summary
6.2 Marketing and Distribution in Ecuador
6.2.1 Distribution and Sales Channels
6.2.2 Commissioned Agents
6.2.3 Direct Importers
6.2.4 The Principal Agent Relationship
6.2.5 Franchising
6.2.6 Direct Marketing
6.2.7 Joint Ventures Options
6.2.8 Licensing Options
6.2.9 Steps to Establishing an Office
6.2.10 Corporations
6.2.11 Branches
6.2.12 Limited Liability Companies
6.2.13 Mixed Economy Company
6.2.14 Selling Factors and Techniques
6.2.15 Advertising Options
6.2.16 Product Pricing
6.2.17 Sales Service and Customer Support
6.2.18 Selling to the Government
6.2.19 Need for a Local Attorney
7 Human Resource Assessment In Ecuador
7.1 Executive Summary
7.2 Human Resources in Ecuador
7.2.1 Unionization in Ecuador
7.2.2 Collective Bargaining in Ecuador
7.2.3 Workweek and Minimum Wages in Ecuador
7.2.4 Forced Labor in Ecuador
7.2.5 Working Ages and Child Labor in Ecuador
8 Political Risk Assessment In Ecuador
8.1 Executive Summary: Government
8.2 Executive Summary: Military Organization
8.3 Democracy in Ecuador
8.4 Political Issues in Ecuador
8.4.1 Major Political Issues Affecting Business Climate
8.4.2 Ecuador's Political System
8.4.3 The Political System
9 Legal Risk Assessment In Ecuador
9.1 Executive Summary
9.2 Legal Issues in Ecuador
9.2.1 Privacy, Search and Seizure
9.2.2 Trial Justice in Ecuador
9.2.3 Excessive Punishment in Ecuador
10 Cultural And Demographic Risks In Ecuador
10.1 Executive Summary
10.2 Cultural Issues in Ecuador
10.2.1 Racial, Ethnic and Discrimination Issues in Ecuador
10.2.2 Women's Rights and Gender Issues in Ecuador
10.2.3 Religion in Ecuador
10.2.4 Fundamental Human Rights in Ecuador
11 Historical Background
11.1 Social and Political History
11.1.1 Overview of Key Historical Events
11.1.2 Government
11.1.3 Political and Governmental History
11.1.4 Economic History
11.1.5 Historical International Relations
11.2 Business Customs in Ecuador
11.2.1 Business Infrastructure
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