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Low Emission IT - The Internet Meets The Oil Crisis

Product Type: Market Research Report
Published by: CarbonFree
Published: November 2007
Product Code: R3555-5
Description
Approximately 2% of the electricity produced in the US is used to power computers and other IT related equipment. If the energy required by manufacturing equipment such as microprocessors, cables and printers is included then the proportion of electricity used by the IT sector is 3%. These figures may not seem large compared to the amount of electricity used, for example, by packaging manufacturers or to power house appliances. However, the increased use of computers, driven by the introduction of new communications technologies such as the Internet, means IT related energy consumption, and the carbon emissions resulting from the conversation of that energy from fossil fuel to electricity, are rising.

A typical PC consumes 600 kWh of electricity a year. In addition to the energy used by the PCs themselves, the data centres that lie at the core of the Internet also need large amounts of electrical energy both to power equipment and to cool the rooms in which the equipment is installed. In the order of 1 billion PCs are in use worldwide and in the US over 75% of the population have some form of computing device, with replacement rates running at over 50%. The number of Internet users crossed the 1 billon mark in 2005, and this is expected to rise to 2 billion in 2011 with growth being driven by emerging markets such as China, Russia, Brazil, Indonesia, and India. It is therefore the rate of growth of the IT market and not just its present size that is causing particular concern.

Concerns over the environmental impact of their products have encouraged manufacturers to jointly develop standards for low carbon emission technology. Eco-labelling is being used to encourage users to buy energy efficient computing equipment. Computer data centre managers are trying to find ways to cut the energy costs associated with data centres. Governments are encouraging equipment manufacturers to find new ways of cutting down standby power (the power consumed when a piece of equipment is idle), and consumers to switch off equipment when not in use, especially overnight.

For the IT manager, who until recently was focused on maximising the speed at which data is processed and minimising the cost of storing that data, energy use is now influencing equipment purchasing decisions.

Low emission IT has also created both challenges and opportunities for the major players within the IT industry and has provided an important boost to products that support thin client computing. A number of smaller vendors who have power management solutions have seen their products move out of what has until recently been a niche market into mainstream computing.

This report examines a range of low emission computing technologies and initiatives and assesses their impact on equipment manufacturers and organisations who intend to modify their IT infrastructure in order to minimise energy bills and to meet emissions targets.
Table of Contents
Overview

1 Introduction

2 The Energy Efficient Computing Device

2.1 Operational Modes and Terminology

2.2 Benchmark

2.3 The Average Computer

3 Energy Efficient Standards and Eco Labelling Schemes

3.1 Benefits of Eco-Labels

3.2 Energy Efficiency Standards Organisations

3.2.1 Energy Star

3.2.2 EU Eco Label

3.2.3 IEEE 1680-2006

3.2.4 Ecma International

3.2.5 The Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees (TCO)

3.2.6 New Zealand Environmental Choice

3.2.7 Canadian Environmental Choice

3.2.8 German Blue Angel

3.2.9 Japanese Eco Mark

3.2.10 Japanese Ecoleaf

3.2.11 Thai Green Label

3.2.12 IT Eco Declaration - Norway, Denmark, Sweden

3.2.13 Korean Eco Label

3.2.14 Taiwanese Green Mark

3.2.15 Group for Energy Efficient Appliances (GEEA)

3.2.16 Swiss Ordinances on Standby Power

4 Green Computing Initiatives

4.1 80 Plus

4.2 Climate Savers Computing Initiative (CSCI)

4.3 The Green Grid

4.4 Linux Foundation’s Green Linux Initiative

4.5 The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)

5 Low Emission IT Technology

5.1 Lower Power and Power-Efficient Processors

5.2 Server Based Computing

5.2.1 Server Based Computing with Thin Clients

5.2.2 Server Based Computing as a Business Service

5.2.3 Server Technology Using Low Power Processors

5.3 Power Supply and Management

5.3.1 Switch Mode Power Supplies

5.3.2 Fan-less Power Supplies

5.3.3 Power Supply in Data Centres

5.4 Power Management Software

5.4.1 AMD PowerNow!

5.4.2 Energy Star EZ Wizard

5.4.3 Intel PowerTop

5.4.4 Verdiem Surveyor

5.5 Cooling

5.5.1 Casing Based Heat Sinks

5.5.2 Liquid Submersion Cooling

5.6 Massive Array of Idle Disks (MAID)

5.7 Virtualisation

5.8 Monitors - CRT and LCD

5.9 Telecommuting Enablers

6 Other Options

6.1 System Upgrades

6.2 Carbon Offsetting

7 Impact of Current Low-Emission IT on Emission Reduction Targets

8 The Market for Low Emission IT

9 Conclusions

10 Vendor Profiles

10.1 NEC Computers

10.2 Verdiem

10.3 Rackable Systems

10.4 Intel

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