Introduction - Study Scope, Sources Used, Methodology
* Industry Nature & Definition: Description of the industry's major segments, services provided, NAICS codes
Executive Overview of Major Findings ($300)
* Highlights & key findings of all report chapters: analysis of major trends/issues affecting
the industry (impact of recession, profit margins, worker pay/turnover, outsourcing, commercial vacancy rates, franchising, unions, etc.), outlooks/results of phone interviews of industry leaders, industry size/growth -1989-2008 Forecast,
franchising’s importance, profile/size of the carpet cleaning mkt. segment, 2002-2003 sales of top competitors (franchises, non-franchise firms). Analysis of educational, healthcare, other key end-user segments, industry structure, 1997-2002
key operating ratios (no. of services in U.S., single/multi-unit firms, top 50 mkt. share, etc.).
The Outlook For Office Space and Commercial Construction
* Summary & discussion of commercial/office construction activity and indicators: value of
construction contracts, 2001-2003 commercial office vacancy rates in major metro
areas/nationwide, amount of existing commercial floor space by U.S. and by region
(1986-1999), share of space by type activity (retail, education, healthcare : 1989-1999)
* Commercial vacancy rates, by top cities, urban vs. suburban markets
* Discussion of absorption rates, “shadow space”
Tables:
- Increase in vacant square footage, by major city: 2003 vs. 2002
- Top 10 office space markets, by mill. of sq. ft.
- Commercial construction trends, value, floor space: 1980-1998
- Value of new construction of nonresidential buildings: 1990-2001
- Markets (cities) with highest/lowest vacancy rates: 2003
- Distribution of floor space, by main building activity: 1999
- No. of bldgs. and percent of total floor space by type activity (education, health care, lodging, retail, offices, warehouses, etc.), by region (1986, 1989, 1992, 1995, 1999)
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- Vacancy rates by top metro areas: 2002, mkt. size in sq. ft., vacancy rate
- No. of commercial bldgs., total floor space, mean sq. ft. per bldg., by no. of workers and hrs. of operation: 1999 vs. 1995 (main bldg. activity, year constructed, by region etc.)
Industry Size, Growth, Market Segments
* Discussion/analysis of 2-tiered mkt. structure (large contractors vs. small independents, and
franchise organizations vs. non-franchise cleaners), estd. share by top 12 firms in the industry
* Industry size estimates; rationale for estimates by varying sources, historical values - Marketdata's
1989-2008 estimates/forecasts, factors affecting recent growth
* Discussion of estimates based on commercial floor space vs. based on Census data
* 2001, 2002, 2003 actual industry performance
* Sales growth of the leaders, composite average
* 2004 & 2008 forecasts & outlook: Marketdata projections, opinions of industry leaders
interviewed, key factors affecting future growth
* Discussion of why the industry is recession-resistant, effects of last recession
Tables:
- Total industry potential, $ value and % change (1989-2008 F), for contract cleaners
- Share of total receipts by exterminating/pest control, janitorial, "all other" building cleaning
& maintenance services (1983-1998) - Census Bureau data
- Total industry receipts, by major segments, annual % change (1998-2002: Census Bureau): total
Industry, pest control, janitorial, carpet cleaning, other services to buildings
- Historical share of industry sales by pest control vs. janitorial/all other services: 1985-2002
Status Report of The Carpet Cleaning Industry
* Nature of the business, evolution of the industry, how carpet cleaning services operate,
services performed, franchises vs. independents
* Major mkt. trends/developments of past several years: discussion
* Discussion of impact of alternative floor coverings, impact on carpet sales/usage
* Discussion of attempts by mills and retailers to enter carpet cleaning - why it failed.
* Historical size/growth of the industry: Marketdata estimates of true size of the segment (1986-
2007 F)
* Discussion/analysis of how market potential derived, avg. annual sales per service, 2007 forecast
and outlook for the sector, effect of recessions/gas prices/housing starts, other indicators.
* Estimates of commercial vs. residential segments of the industry, $ values.
* Current industry outlooks by: ServiceMaster, Chem-Dry, Servpro, Mohawk, Duraclean, IICRC,
ASCR, Stanley Steemer, consultants.
* Franchising: analysis of no. of outlets, start-up costs, the top 8 carpet cleaning franchisers,
estd. systemwide revenues (1997, 1999, 2002), franchises by no. of units, franchise fees, royalty
rates, start-up costs
* Carpet cleaner contractor operating ratios: highlights of 1997 Census… sources of receipts,
multi-unit firms, legal form of firm,, top 50 mkt. share, carpets cleaners’ major sources of receipts
The Residential Maid Services Market
* Summary: nature & estd.2003 size of the market, estd. $ sales per franchise vs. commercial
cleaning services, list of top franchise companies in the business, franchises vs. independent
maids, reasons why demand is booming (tax laws, 2-worker households, etc.)
* End-user household demographics: results of Mediamark Research survey: major target age
groups and usage of professional cleaning services
* List of residential cleaning services franchises: (The Maids Intl., Maid Brigade; Merry Maids,
Molly Maid, Cottage Care, Swisher Maids, Mini Maid, Home Cleaning Centers of America) -
addresses.
Tables:
- Projected no. of U.S. households using a maid or housekeep, by age group: 2000 & 2006 F
- Residential cleaning franchises: no. of units 1997-2003
- Residential cleaning franchises: start-up costs, franchise fee, royalty rates: 2003
Commercial Cleaning Contractor Operating Ratios (CMM Surveys)
* Discussion of data collected via Cleaning & Maintenance Management magazine’s
Benchmarking Survey”, survey highlights and major findings
Tables & analysis covers following topics:
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- 2002 sales volume mix, % of respondents
- Customer mix: % of contractors servicing offices, industrial accts., hospitals, etc. 1993-2002)
- Surfaces cleaned/areas that contractors clean by type: 1993-2002
- Most frequent customer complaints (restrooms, dusting, etc. - by area): 1993-2002
- Worker productivity measures: square footage cleaned per hr., avg. labor costs: 1993-2002
- Cleaning worker wages, by region: starting worker wages & average wages (1993-2002)
Industry Structure & Operating Ratios of the Industry
Total Industry Analysis - Discussion/Text
* Explanation of how to interpret Census data, how the data is arranged/classified by
NAICS codes, and major market segments.
* New 2002 Census data available: receipts, schedule for release of other data in 2004, 2001
data from County Business Patterns: receipts and % change, no. of employees, by type cleaning
services
* Non-employer receipts of 427,000 sole proprietorships without payrolls, IRS data
* Summary & analysis: no. of cleaning establishments in U.S. and for leading states; no. of firms;
industry size; avg. receipts per office by top states; mkt. share top 50 firms ratios; summary
findings of 1997 Census & comparison to 1992 data… re: legal form of organization, firms &
estabs. by sales size (in receipts & employment); single/multi-unit operations.
* Summary statistics: 1997 vs. 1992 - no. of estabs; total industry vs. disinfecting/pest control,
other services; annual receipts; payroll costs; no. of workers; payroll per employee; receipts per
employee, receipts per establishment.
* Geographic analysis - share of national receipts, avg. receipts per estab., by state, top states'
ranking
* Financial health of the industry: composite income statement & balance sheet ratios,
profitability trends, by size of cleaning contractor (janitorial services, pest control: 1998-20002)
Statistical Tables:
Total Industry- All Types of Commercial Cleaning Contractors Aggregated
- Total cleaning industry firms, by legal form of organization -corporations, sole proprietorships,
partnerships: 1997 & 1992, (no. of firms, receipts, payroll as % receipts, no. of employees).
- Single vs. multi-unit operations, by size (statistics as above) 1997 & 1992.
- Concentration Ratios: ratios for top 4, 8, 20, 50 largest firms 1997 & 1992
- Total Commercial Cleaning Firms, by receipts size (under $100,000 to $100 + mill.);
(no. of firms, estabs., receipts, payroll, avg. receipts per firm) 1997 & 1992
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- All cleaning contractors’ receipts and no. of estabs., by major city: 1997
Industry Structure & Operating Ratios of the Industry (chapter continued)
Janitorial-Building Cleaning & Maint. Services
- Janitorial service firms, by legal form of organization - corporate, sole proprietorships,
partnerships: 1997 & 1992, (no. of firms, receipts, payroll as % receipts, no. of employees)
- Single vs. multi-unit operations, by size (statistics as above) 1997 & 1992.
- Concentration Ratios : ratios by top 4, 8, 20, 50 largest firms 1997 & 1992
- Janitorial service firms, by receipts size (under $100,000 to $100+ mill.) (no. of firms,
estabs., receipts, payroll, avg. receipts per firm), 1997 & 1992.
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- Janitorial service contractors’ receipts and no. of estabs., by major city: 1997
Exterminating & Pest Control Services
- Exterminating & pest control firms, by legal form of organization - corporate, sole proprietor-
ships, partnerships: 1997 & 1992, (no. of firms, receipts, payroll as % receipts, no. of employees) -
Single vs. multi-unit operations, by size (statistics as above) 1997 & 1992.
- Concentration Ratios : ratios by top 4, 8, 20, 50 largest firms 1997 & 1992
- Disinfecting & pest control firms, by receipts size (under $100,000 to $100+ mill.) (no. of firms,
estabs., receipts, payroll, avg. receipts per firm), 1997 & 1992.
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- Composite balance sheet & income statement: 1991-2000 disinfecting & pest control services.
The Commercial Cleaning Franchise Organizations
* Summary - how many exist? - Entrepreneur magazine;s 2004 Franchise 500 ranking,
Discussion: how cleaning franchises work and differ, services typically provided by parent,
master franchises,
* Analysis of avg. initial franchise fees/royalty rates/start-up costs in 2003 vs. 2001
* The industry's leading franchisers: parent co. vs. systemwide revenues, 2003 avg. estimated
annual receipts, difficulties estimating revenues due to full-time vs. part-time workers; franchise
investment pkgs. sold.
* Estimated or actual revenues of the largest non-franchise contractors (2002, 2003 sales: ABM,
OneSource, Unicco, Temco)
Tables:
- Top janitorial cleaning franchises (no. of units 1998-2003, franchise. fee, royalty %, start-up $)
- Top residential cleaning franchises (no. of units 1998-2003, franchise fee, royalty %, start-up $)
- Top pest control franchises (no. of units 1998-2003, franchise fee, royalty %, start-up $)
- Top restroom cleaning franchises (no. of units 1998-2003, franchise fee, royalty %, start-up $)
- Top window washing franchises (no. of units 1998-2003, franchise fee, royalty %, start-up $)
Profiles of The Leading Commercial Cleaning Franchises & Non-Franchise Firms
(For each company below: discussion & analysis of services offered, divisions, franchise packages offered/cost, performance; markets served; strategies, financial analysis (sales); history & recent developments; acquisitions, number of franchises; marketing strategies)
* ABM Industries
* Anago Franchising
* Clean net USA
* Coverall Cleaning Concepts
* Jan-Pro
* Jani-King Intl.
* OneSource
* O.P.E.N. America
* Servpro
* ServiceMaster
* Swisher Intl.
* Tower Cleaning Systems
* UNICCO Service Co.
* Vanguard Cleaning Systems
Reference Directory of Industry Information Sources
* Addresses, phones, contacts at major industry trade associations, trade journals,
consulting firms: commercial cleaning and carpet cleaning segments.
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