Chapter One: Executive Summary

• Overview: From Cash to Electronic Money
• Industry Convergence in the Global Marketplace
• NonBank Leadership; Collaborative Ventures
• Global Markets
• Other Limiting Factors
• Size and Growth of the Market
• Market Forecast to 2001
• Trends Affecting the Market
• Market Forces in Perspective
• Internet Technology
• The Global Economy: International Comparisons
• Industry Structure and Leading Competitors
• Major Players in an Era of Change
• Decline of Traditional Banking.
• The Consumer
• Scope and Methodology
• Products and Services
• Stored-Value Cards
• Electronic Purses and Wallets
• Electronic Checks
• Electronic Credit and Debit Cards
• Electronic Money Delivery Systems
• Product Overview
• Methodology

Chapter Two: Introduction

• Overview
• Country and Regional Differences
• Europe Ahead of United States in Use of Electronic Money
• Japanese Also Rank Ahead of United States in Electronic Payment Use
• United States Among Leaders in Digital Cash Technology
• Advantages of Electronic Money
• Outstanding Issues and Concerns
• Need for Safety and Soundness
• Degree of Credit Card and Check Use
• Acceptance of Smart Cards
• Electronic vs. Cash Transactions in the United States and Europe
• Alliances and Joint Ventures
• Regulation of Digital Cash
• Encryption and Privacy Considerations
• Electronic Money Instruments and Delivery Systems
• Electronic Money
• Smart Cards
• Stored-Value Cards
• Electronic Purses and Wallets
• Electronic Checks
• Online Use of Debit and Credit Cards
• Electronic Money Delivery Systems

Chapter Three: Products And Services

• Introduction: Electronic Money as an Evolving Payment Instrument for the Future
• Stored-Value Cards
• Product Features and Applications
• Issues Affecting Acceptance and Use of Stored-Value and Smart Cards
• Lost or Stolen Cards
• Costs, Fees, and Interest
• Convertibility and Confidence
• Infrastructure
• Major Players in the SVC Market
• Players in the United States
• Players in Europe
• Key Player in Japan
• Major Projects
• Current Market Size
• Potential Market Size
• Market Trends
• Electronic Purses and Wallets
• Product Status
• European Leadership
• Acceptance and Use of Electronic Purses and Wallets
• Barriers to Success
• Major Initiatives and Players
• United States
• United Kingdom
• Taiwan
• Spain
• South Africa
• Singapore
• Portugal
• The Netherlands
• France
• Finland
• Denmark
• Canada
• Belgium
• Australia
• Switzerland
• Prospects for Future Use
• Electronic Checks
• Product Status
• Issues Affecting Acceptance and Use of Electronic Checks
• Major Players
• Future Prospects
• Electronic Credit and Debit Cards
• Product Status
• Issues Affecting Acceptance and Use of Electronic Credit and Debit Cards
• Regional Differences
• Aging Society
• Major Players
• Future Use of Credit and Debit Cards
• Electronic Money Delivery Systems
• Cash
• Product Status
• Pros and Cons of Cash
• Credit Cards
• Product Status
• Pros and Cons of the Credit Card System
• Direct Debits
• Product Status
• Pros and Cons of the Debit Card System
• Smart Cards
• Product Status
• Pros and Cons of the Smart Card System
• Online Payments
• Product Status
• Internet Growth and Market Penetration
• Financial and Corporate Presence Online
• Internet User Demographics
• Trends in User Applications: More of a Mainstream Medium
• Implications for Electronic Money
• The Digital-Cash Model

Chapter Four: International Trends And Issues

• Market Size and Growth: International Comparisons
• The Transition: From Paper to Paperless Payment Instruments
• Paper Transactions
• Check Use: Country Trends
• United States Has Significantly More Financial Institutions
• Advantages of Check
• Paperless Transactions
• Germany Leads in Total Volume of Cashless Transactions; United States Trails
• Factors Affecting Future Growth
• Security and Encryption
• Private and Public Keys
• DES
• RSA
• IDEA
• PGP
• PEM
• Blind Digital Signatures.
• Total Security vs. Practical Security
• Privacy vs. Security
• Key Management
• Technology
• CyberCash
• First Virtual
• Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
• EMS
• Globe ID
• E-cash
• Electronic Checks
• TekChek
• Redi-Check
• Crime
• Money-Laundering
• Tax Evasion
• Fraud and Counterfeiting
• Consumer Perceptions of Electronic Payments
• Methodology
• Results
• Impact on Government, Banking, and Commerce
• Changes in Monetary Systems
• Impact on Money-Supply Policy
• Comparisons to the Era of Free Banking
• Seigniorage
• Federal Reserve Issues
• Other Legal and Regulatory Considerations
• Export Laws
• Market Applications
• Digital Cash
• Electronic Checks
• Credit Cards
• Market Projects

Chapter Five: The Future

• Market Forecast to 2001
• Using the United States as a Proxy
• Qualitative Selection Criteria
• Limitations Pertaining to These Selection Criteria
• Thriving Over the Long-Term
• Internet Demographics Over the Near-Term: Little Change Expected
• The Internet Class: A Niche of the Well-to-Do=
• Internet-User Status: Attainable for the Majority?
• Three Qualities of Current Internet Users
• The Effect of Technological Innovations on Market Forecasting
• Lack of Cost Models
• Quantitative Forecast: 1996 to 2001
• The Market For Online, Retail Payment Instruments: Comparisons with Nonstore Retail Sales
• Importance of the Shopping Experience
• Outside the Niche
• Market and Growth Projections
• Payment Instruments Through 2001

Chapter Six: Company Profiles

• Providers of Online Payment Systems
• Leading Companies in Banking, Financial Services, or Information Technology
• Alliances as Major Players
• CyberCash, Inc
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Products
• Electronic Money Alliances
• DigiCash B.V.
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Products
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• First Virtual Holdings, Inc.
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Products
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• GC Tech
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Products
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• Leading Companies in Banking, Financial Services, or Information
• Technology
• Citibank, N.A.
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• VISA International
• Business Overview
• Electronic Money Activities
• MasterCard International Inc
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• International Business Machines Corp.
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• Microsoft Corp
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• Fujitsu Ltd., NEC Corp., and Hitachi Ltd
• Business and Financial Overview
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• Hewlett Packard Co.
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• Digital Equipment Corp
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• Electronic Data Systems Corp.
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• AT&T Corp.
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• Toshiba Corp.
• Business Overview
• Financial Information
• Electronic Money Activities and Alliances
• Alliances as Major Players
• Financial Services Technology Consortium
• Joint Electronic Payments Initiative
• International

Appendix: Company Names And Addresses